Edris Bazrafshan; Khosro Afsari; Nayereh Pormolaee; Mohammadali Forghani; Hamideh Khedengi; Hamideh Kord Mostafapor
Volume 22, Issue 1 , March and April 2015, , Pages 73-83
Abstract
Introduction: At present time, dental solid waste management continues to be a major challenge, particularly in most healthcare facilities of the developing world such as Iran. In this country, few studies have been conducted on dental solid waste management and its composition. In this study, hazardous ...
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Introduction: At present time, dental solid waste management continues to be a major challenge, particularly in most healthcare facilities of the developing world such as Iran. In this country, few studies have been conducted on dental solid waste management and its composition. In this study, hazardous status of dental solid waste, which has a significant role in cross-infection chain, was studied.
Materials & methods: This work is a descriptive and cross sectional study which was performed during 2013-2014. For this research, 159 publicand private dental centers in Sistan and Baluchestan province were selected and both the composition and generation rate of dental solid waste were measured. Dental solid wastes were categorized to four main categories including domestic type, potentially infectious, chemical and pharmaceutical and toxic wastes and, finally, they were analysed.
Results: The results showed that the percent of potentially infectious, domestic type, chemical and pharmaceutical and toxic wastes were 80.3, 11.7, 6.3 and 1.7%, respectively. Also, the results indicated that the dental solid waste generation rate for total waste, potentially infectious, chemical and pharmaceutical waste, domestic type and toxic waste was 169.9, 153.3, 11.2,8.6 and 3.3 g per patient per day (g/p.d), respectively. Additionally, the generation rate of dental solid waste for total waste, domestic type, potentially infectious, chemical and pharmaceutical and toxic waste was 194.5, 22.6, 156.1, 12.3 and 3.4 kg/day, respectively.
Discussion: For the best management of dental solid waste, it is suggested that source reduction, separation, reuse and recycling programs be implemented and each section of dental waste be collected and disposed separately, in agreement with related standards.
Ferdovs Kord MostafaPor; Edris Bazrafshan; Farnaz Heidar Nejad
Volume 20, Issue 2 , May and June 2013, , Pages 142-153
Abstract
Background: Phenol is one of the main components concerned in the industrial wastewater. Physicochemical or conventional biological methods are usually used for the treatment of wastewater with high concentrations of phenol. At present study, the adsorption potential of phenol from aqueous solutions ...
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Background: Phenol is one of the main components concerned in the industrial wastewater. Physicochemical or conventional biological methods are usually used for the treatment of wastewater with high concentrations of phenol. At present study, the adsorption potential of phenol from aqueous solutions by Pistachio hull ash was investigated.
Materials and methods: Present study is an experimental survey that was performed in a batch system. To study the efficiency of Pistachio hull ash in phenol removal from aqueous solutions, the effect of critical variables such as contact time (15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 and 120 min), initial phenol concentration (5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 100 mg/L), adsorbent dosage (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 g/L) and initial pH of solution (2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13) was investigated.
Results: Maximum adsorption capacity of the Pistachio hull ash was 327.6 mg/g at pH 5, initial concentration of 100 mg/L and reaction time 45 min, which 98.28% of the phenol was removed. The adsorption equilibriums were analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. It was found that the data fitted to Freundlich (R2=0.9436) better than Langmuir (R2=0.8395) model.
Conclusion: According to achieved results, it was observed that Pistachio hull not only was an inexpensive absorbent, but also a quite effective factor in removal of phenol from water and wastewater.